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Using the CakeDC Tags plugin for CakePHP

Written by Graham on October 29, 2010 •
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This is an introduction to using the CakeDC Tags plugin for CakePHP. I'll take you through a new project creation, and the addition of the Tags plugin to your project for use with tagging a Blog model on your project. You should be able to take the skills learnt here to any other project, and start taking advantage of the Tags plugin for tagging your models appropriately.

Lets get started by baking a new project:

cake bake project blog1

Follow the prompts to complete the baking operation.

You will now have a "blog1" directory available. Change into that directory:

cd blog1

ensure that the `tmp` directory is writable:

chmod -R 777 tmp

Open up the `config/database.php.default` file in your favourite editor. Immediately choose to "Save as..." and save the file in the same location omitting the ".default" part of the filename. So save the file as `config/database.php`.

Configure the options at the bottom to match the database credentials for your application. Mine are as follows:

<?php
class DATABASE_CONFIG {
   var $default = array(
      'driver' => 'mysql',
      'persistent' => false,
      'host' => 'localhost',
      'login' => 'dev',
      'password' => 'dev',
      'database' => 'blog1',
      'prefix' => '',
   );
}

For the moment, I have remove the 'test' datasource, as we won't use that right now.

Go ahead and create your MySQL database, and a simple table to hold blog items:

CREATE DATABASE `blog1`;
USE `blog1`;

CREATE TABLE `blogs` (
   `id` CHAR(36) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
   `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
   `body` TEXT,
   `created` DATETIME,
   `modified` DATETIME
);

Now lets bake the controller, model and views for this blogs table, in order to be able to add and edit content. Once this is complete, we'll begin integrating the tags plugin into the application.

First bake the model:

cake bake model blog

Next bake the controller. The following bakes all the "public" actions for this controller:

cake bake controller blog public

And finally, the views:

cake bake view all

Browse around your application at the address: /blogs to begin with to ensure that your app is functioning correctly. You should be able to add, edit, delete and view blog entries.

Time to get cracking on the Tags plugin. Our objective here is to tag each blog entry with an arbitrary tag at add / edit time to allow us to easily categorise content we are posting.

In order to download and install the Tags plugin, I'll be using git. You can however download an archive from the github website, and extract that archive into your `APP/plugins` directory. In either case, the result will be a `tags` directory in your `APP/plugins` directory, containing the contents of the CakeDC tags plugin.

From your `APP` directory (in this example, the APP directory is `blog1`), clone the tags repository:

git clone git://github.com/CakeDC/tags.git plugins/tags

The first thing that we need to do now that the Tags plugin has been added to our project, is to create the tables required to store the tag information. These are available in schema's and migrations within the Tags plugin, so you don't need to handle the SQL yourself, just use the cake console to create the tables for you:

If you prefer using the builtin CakePHP schema mechanism, or you are not sure what the "migrations" plugin is, you can create the database tables like this:

cake schema create schema -plugin tags -name tags

If however, you are familiar with using the migrations plugin, or you want to use the migrations plugin for this project, add the migration plugin to your project, and then run the migrations:

git clone git://github.com/CakeDC/migrations.git plugins/migrations

cake migration -plugin tags all

Either method is fine.

Next up, we need to add the `Taggable` behavior from the `Tags` plugin to our model to enable all the awesome functionality. Add the following variable to your `Blog` model in `APP/models/blog.php`:

public $actsAs = array(
   'Tags.Taggable'
);

Finally, we need to add a new input for the tags on our add and edit screens, to allow users to customise the tags they want for the blog posts. Simply add a new input called 'tags' to your forms, such as the following:

echo $this->Form->input('tags', array('type' => 'text'));

Note that this needs to be done for both your add and edit views.

You can also make this be of type `textarea`, if you need gigantic amounts of tags. `text` is fine though, to allow a good number of tags, and to minimise the input space.

This is all you need to do to enable your content to be tagged! Looking back at all the instructions so far, the bulk of the content has been on how to create a new project, bake the model, views and controller, and the addition of plugins. In terms of code addition, we've only added a behavior to the Blog model, and a new input to the add and edit views.

To test your tagging, use a comma to separate your tags when using the tags input. Using a comma allows you to enable users to add multiple-word tags.

What now!? You can tag stuff, thats pretty cool. You probably want to look up blog posts based on tags now. Thats already provided for you in the Tags Controller quick comes with the Tags plugin. Browse to `/tags` to see the tags controller index action from the tags plugin render all the tags that you have added to your blog so far.

There is a whole lot more that you can do with tagging in terms of both operation and the visual representation of the tags themselves. Stay tuned for more blog articles explaining our plugins and other interesting PHP and CakePHP code from myself and the rest of the CakeDC team.

UPDATE: An excellent guide on how to style the tags with CSS has been written by @WyriHaximus, check it out here.

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CakeFest 2025 Wrap Up

For years I have heard the team talk about Madrid being one of their favorite cities to visit, because they hosted CakeFest there more than a decade ago. I can now confirm… they were right! What a beautiful city. Another great CakeFest in the books… Thanks Madrid! Not only are we coming down from the sugar high, but we are also honored to be celebrating 20 years of CakePHP. It was amazing to celebrate with the attendees (both physical and virtual). If you watched the cake ceremony, you saw just how emotional it made Larry to reminisce on the last 20 years. I do know one thing, CakePHP would not be where it is without the dedicated core, and community. Speaking of the core, we had both Mark Scherer and Mark Story joining us as presenters this year. It is a highlight for our team to interact with them each year. I know a lot of the other members from the core team would have liked to join us as well, but we hope to see them soon. The hard work they put in day after day is unmatched, and often not recognized enough. It’s hard to put into words how grateful we are for this group of bakers. Our event was 2 jam packed days of workshops and talk presentations, which you can now see a replay of on our YouTube channel (youtube.com/cakephp). We had presenters from Canada, Germany, India, Spain, USA, and more! This is one of my favorite parts about the CakePHP community, the diversity and representation from all over the world. When we come together in one room, with one common goal, it’s just magical. Aside from the conference itself, the attendees had a chance to network, mingle, and enjoy meals together as a group. I could sense the excitement of what’s to come for a framework that is very much still alive. Speaking of which… spoiler alert: CakePHP 6 is coming. Check out the roadmap HERE. I feel as though our team leaves the event each year with a smile on their face, and looking forward to the next. The events are growing each year, although we do like to keep the small group/intimate type of atmosphere. I am already getting messages about the location for next year, and I promise we will let you know as soon as we can (when we know!). In the meantime, start preparing your talks, and send us your location votes. The ovens are heating up….

Written by Amanda on October 16, 2025

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Polymorphic Relationships in CakePHP: A Beginner's Guide

Have you ever wondered how to make one database table relate to multiple other tables? Imagine a comments table that needs to store comments for both articles and videos. How do you manage that without creating separate tables or complicated joins? The answer is a polymorphic relationship. It sounds fancy, but the idea is simple and super powerful.

What's a Polymorphic Relationship?

Think of it this way: instead of a single foreign key pointing to one specific table, a polymorphic relationship uses two columns to define the connection. Let's stick with our comments example. To link a comment to either an article or a video, your comments table would have these two special columns:

foreign_id: This holds the ID of the related record (e.g., the id of an article or the id of a video).
model_name: This stores the name of the model the comment belongs to (e.g., 'Articles' or 'Videos').

This flexible setup allows a single comment record to "morph" its relationship, pointing to different types of parent models. It's clean, efficient, and saves you from a lot of redundant code. It's not necessary for them to be called "foreign_id" and "model_name"; they could have other names (table, model, reference_key, model_id, etc.) as long as you maintain the intended function of each. Now, let's see how you can set this up in CakePHP 5 without breaking a sweat.

Making It Work in CakePHP 5

While some frameworks have built-in support for polymorphic relationships, CakePHP lets you create them just as easily using its powerful ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) associations. We'll use the conditions key to define the polymorphic link.

Step 1: Set Up Your Database

We'll use a simple schema with three tables: articles, videos, and comments.

-- articles table
CREATE TABLE articles (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255)
);

-- videos table
CREATE TABLE videos (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    title VARCHAR(255)
);

-- comments table
CREATE TABLE comments (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    content TEXT,
    foreign_id INT NOT NULL,
    model_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

Notice how the comments table has our special foreign_id and model_name columns.

Step 2: Configure Your Models in CakePHP

Now for the magic! We'll define the associations in our Table classes. ArticlesTable.php In this file, you'll tell the Articles model that it has many Comments, but with a specific condition.

// src/Model/Table/ArticlesTable.php

namespace App\Model\Table;

use Cake\ORM\Table;

class ArticlesTable extends Table
{
    public function initialize(array $config): void
    {
        // ...
        $this->hasMany('Comments', [
            'foreignKey' => 'foreign_id',
            'conditions' => ['Comments.model_name' => self::class], // or 'Articles'
            'dependent' => true, // Deletes comments if an article is deleted
        ]);
    }
}

Use self::class is a best practice in modern PHP, as it prevents bugs if you ever decide to rename your classes, and your IDE can auto-complete and check it for you VideosTable.php You'll do the same thing for the Videos model, but change the model_name condition.

// src/Model/Table/VideosTable.php

namespace App\Model\Table;

use Cake\ORM\Table;

class VideosTable extends Table
{
    public function initialize(array $config): void
    {
        // ...
        $this->hasMany('Comments', [
            'foreignKey' => 'foreign_id',
            'conditions' => ['Comments.model_name' => self::class], // or 'Videos'
            'dependent' => true,
        ]);
    }
}

CommentsTable.php This table is the owner of the polymorphic association. You can add associations here to easily access the related Article or Video from a Comment entity.

// src/Model/Table/CommentsTable.php

namespace App\Model\Table;

use Cake\ORM\Table;

class CommentsTable extends Table
{
    public function initialize(array $config): void
    {
        // ...
        $this->belongsTo('Articles', [
            'foreignKey' => 'foreign_id',
            'conditions' => ['Comments.model_name' => \App\Model\Table\ArticlesTable::class], // or 'Articles'
        ]);

        $this->belongsTo('Videos', [
            'foreignKey' => 'foreign_id',
            'conditions' => ['Comments.model_name' => \App\Model\Table\VideosTable::class], // or 'Videos'
        ]);
    }
}

Step 3: Using the Relationship

Now that everything is set up, you can fetch data as if it were a normal association. Fetching Comments for an Article:

$article = $this->Articles->get(1, ['contain' => 'Comments']);

// $article->comments will contain a list of comments for that article

Creating a new Comment for a Video:

$video = $this->Videos->get(2);
$comment = $this->Comments->newEmptyEntity();

$comment->content = 'This is an awesome video!';
$comment->foreign_id = $video->id;
$comment->model_name = \App\Model\Table\VideosTable::class; // or 'Videos'

$this->Comments->save($comment);

As you can see, the model_name and foreign_id fields are the secret sauce that makes this pattern work.

What About the Future? The Power of This Solution

Now that you've got comments working for both articles and videos, what if your app grows and you want to add comments to a new model, like Photos? With this polymorphic setup, the change is incredibly simple. You don't need to alter your comments table at all. All you have to do is: Create your photos table in the database. Add a new PhotosTable.php model. In the new PhotosTable's initialize() method, add the hasMany association, just like you did for Articles and Videos.

// src/Model/Table/PhotosTable.php

namespace App\Model\Table;

use Cake\ORM\Table;

class PhotosTable extends Table
{
    public function initialize(array $config): void
    {
        // ...
        $this->hasMany('Comments', [
            'foreignKey' => 'foreign_id',
            'conditions' => ['Comments.model_name' => self::class],
            'dependent' => true,
        ]);
    }
}

That's it! You've just extended your application's functionality with minimal effort. This demonstrates the true power of polymorphic relationships: a single, scalable solution that can easily adapt to your application's evolving needs. It's a key pattern for building flexible and maintainable software.

Conclusion

This approach is flexible, scalable, and a great way to keep your database schema simple. Now that you know the basics, you can start applying this pattern to more complex problems in your own CakePHP applications!

Written by Arodriguez on September 24, 2025

3057 Views

Closing Advent Calendar 2024

This article is part of the CakeDC Advent Calendar 2024 (December 24th 2024) That’s a wrap on the CakeDC 2024 advent calendar blog series. Did you get to read all of them? Hopefully you obtained some useful information to use in your future baking. We would love to get your feedback, feel free to share! It is still hard to believe that 2024 is almost over, but we are looking forward to an extraordinary 2025. On behalf of CakeDC, we want to thank our team for all the hours of hard work they put in this year. Also, thank you to our clients for trusting us with your CakePHP projects, it is an absolute pleasure getting to work with each of you. We are thankful for the great relationships we have built, or carried on in the last 12 months. For our CakePHP community, especially the core team, please know how incredibly grateful we are for your support of the framework. There is a reason that Cake is still around after 20 years, and it’s great developers like you, who dedicate their time and efforts to keep the code going. THANK YOU, THANK YOU, THANK YOU. As far as what is to come for CakePHP in 2025, stay tuned. However, I am told that there are some top secret (not really, we are opensource after all) talks about CakePHP 6 happening. With the release of PHP 8.4, I am sure some awesome features will be implemented in Cake specifically. We will also be celebrating 20 years of CakePHP next year, can you believe it? CakeFest will be in honor of all core members past and present, and it may be a good time to introduce some new ones as well. If you are a core member (or former), we would love to have you attend the conference this year. The location will be announced soon. Interested in getting involved or joining the core team? You can find some helpful links here: https://cakephp.org/get-involved We hope you enjoyed our gift this year, it’s the least we could do. Wishing you a happy holiday season from our CakeDC family to yours. See you next year! … sorry, I had to do it. :) Also, here are some final words from our President: Larry Masters.

A Christmas Message to the CakePHP Community

As we gather with loved ones to celebrate the joy and hope of the Christmas season, I want to take a moment to reflect on the incredible journey we’ve shared this year as part of the CakePHP community. This is a special time of year when people around the world come together to celebrate love, grace, and the hope that light brings into the world. It’s also a time to give thanks for the connections that make our lives richer. The CakePHP framework has always been about more than just code, it’s about people. It’s the collective effort of contributors from around the world who believe in building something better, together. To everyone who has shared their expertise, contributed code, written documentation, tested features, or offered guidance to others, I want to express my deepest gratitude for your dedication and passion. As we approach 2025, it brings even greater meaning to reflect on how far we’ve come. Next year marks the 20th anniversary of CakePHP. From the first lines of code to the projects we support today, the journey has been nothing short of remarkable. As we look ahead to the new year, let us carry forward this spirit of generosity, collaboration, and unity. Together, we can continue to empower developers, build exceptional tools, and foster a community that is inclusive, welcoming, and supportive. On behalf of everyone at Cake Development Corporation, I wish you and your families a blessed Christmas filled with peace, joy, and love. May the new year bring us more opportunities to create, connect, and grow together. Thank you for being part of this journey. Merry Christmas and a very Happy New Year to everyone. With gratitude, Larry Masters This article is part of the CakeDC Advent Calendar 2024 (December 24th 2024)

Written by Amanda on December 24, 2024